2011年8月10日 星期三

伦敦骚乱加剧 范围扩大

來源:【华尔街日报 中文网】2011-08-09

周一,伦敦警方极力控制在社区之间蔓延的骚乱和猖獗抢掠行为。骚乱已进入第三晚,此前,一个社区对警方枪击事件的抗议演变成英国至少10年以来最严重的社会骚乱。

在48小时内,暴力活动在伦敦肆意蔓延,主要是在较为贫困的多种族混居地区,这里时常饱受高失业之苦,并与警方关系紧张。

冲突还延伸到了伦敦以外:在英国第二大城市伯明翰,警方说市中心有几处商店遭袭,一些橱窗被打碎、财物失窃,他们逮捕了一些人。据美联社(Associated Press)报道,英国北方城市利物浦的警方还宣布爆发了互无关联的骚乱事件,一些汽车被点燃,还有建筑物受到攻击。

在伦敦,带面罩的抢掠者洗劫商店、烧毁建筑,警察和消防队员常常不见踪影。随着夜幕降临,冲突中伦敦警力似乎不及骚乱者人多势众,在一些重大的抢掠事件中警方完全缺位。大量商品遭洗劫。

面对烧毁的汽车、焦黑的建筑和破碎的商店橱窗留下的痕迹,伦敦代理警察局长戈德温(Tim Godwin)不得不恳请家长们叫自己的孩子回家,一方面是为了清理街道,另一方面也是为了限制抢掠行为。英国首相卡梅伦(David Cameron)缩短了在意大利的假期以应对危机。

骚乱于上周六晚间爆发,起因是警方枪杀一名当地居民,周日有零星骚乱持续。但周一下午有强大的新力量加入骚乱,令英国陷入自上世纪90年代中期的骚乱以及80年代种族骚乱以来最为严重的暴力活动之中。英国民众激辩这些事件是由严酷的经济环境引发,过于严厉的治安措施,还是机会主义的犯罪行为。

周一傍晚,配有防暴装备的警方在越来越多的地点对抗起火事件、抢掠行为和带面罩的街头打手,这些地方大多位于伦敦东北和东南部较贫困的少数族裔社区。到周一深夜,手持棍棒的破坏者进入卡姆登和乔克法姆等更为富裕的社区。

唐宁街方面说,卡梅伦将从意大利返回英国,并主持由英国最高安全官员、紧急事务官员和政府官员组成的委员会COBRA的会议,该委员会的职责是应对社会突发事件,比如恐怖袭击或自然灾害。

还有不到一年时间,英国就将举办奥运会,此时暴力事件在英国首都伦敦四处开花,执法部门官员说,他们在密切监控社交网站,看这些网站是否被用于煽动或组织暴力活动。

一些Twitter账户转发了通过黑莓(Blackberry)设备发送的即时消息,这些消息似乎是骚乱者的行动计划。黑莓生产商Research in Motion的一位管理人员说,这家加拿大公司向英国当局保证以任何力所能及的方式提供协助。

如果真是这样,这说明利用社交媒体煽动骚乱的行动已经从“阿拉伯之春”那些国家转移到世界最发达国家之一的街道上。警方对这些网站进行监控以求获得情报。
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London Riots Intensify and Spread

Police struggled to contain a third night of rioting and rampant looting that ricocheted from one neighborhood to another Monday after a community protest over a police shooting here exploded into Britain's worst outbreak of social unrest in at least a decade.

In the span of 48 hours, the violence spread haphazardly across London, mostly through economically challenged, mixed-race areas that have sometimes been plagued by high unemployment and tensions with police.

The strife also moved beyond London: In Birmingham, the U.K.'s second-largest city, police said they made a number of arrests after several shops in the city center were attacked, with some windows smashed and property stolen. Police also reported 'isolated outbreaks of disorder,' including vehicles set ablaze and buildings attacked in the northern city of Liverpool, according to the Associated Press.

In London, masked looters plundered stores and burned buildings, often without police officers or firefighters in sight. As the night wore on, London's police force seemed outnumbered in clashes with rioters and simply absent from some major looting incidents. Huge quantities of goods were toted away.

The trail of burned cars, charred buildings and smashed windows prompted London's acting police commissioner, Tim Godwin, to implore parents to call their children home, both to clear the streets and limit the looting. Prime Minister David Cameron cut short a holiday to Italy to address the crisis.

The riots exploded late Saturday in reaction to the police shooting of a local man, and continued sporadically on Sunday. But they gained powerful new force Monday afternoon, pushing the country into its worst stretch of violence since rioting during the mid-1990s and a series of mainly race-related riots in the 1980s. Britons debated whether the events were sparked by harsh economic climate, allegedly heavy-handed policing or just opportunistic criminality.

By early Monday evening, police in riot gear were battling fires, looting and hooded street fighters in a growing list of locations, mostly in poorer, minority neighborhoods of London's northeast and southeast. By late evening, vandals with bats and pipes moved into more affluent neighborhoods including Camden and Chalk Farm.

Downing Street said Mr. Cameron would return from Italy to Britain, where he will lead a meeting of the COBRA, a committee of Britain's top security, emergency service and government officials that meets to react to civil emergencies, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters.

As the sporadic violence careened around the British capital less than one year before Britain hosts the Olympics, law-enforcement officials said they were closely monitoring social-networking sites to determine if they were being used to incite or organize violence.

Some Twitter accounts quoted instant messages on Blackberry devices that appeared to show rioters planning action. An executive at Research in Motion, the device's maker, said the Canadian firm was 'engaged with the [British] authorities to assist in any way we can.'

If true, the use of social media in fomenting unrest will have moved from the nations of the Arab Spring to the streets of one of the world's most developed nations. Police monitored the sites for intelligence.

Alistair MacDonald / Guy Chazan
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倫敦暴動 無政府主義掛帥

來源:【世界新聞網版】2011-08-09

英國衛報駐巴黎的特派員注意到一個現象,就是對法國青年公然焚燒車輛司空見慣,懶得報導的法國媒體,對倫敦的暴動很感興趣,頭版標題戲稱英國媒體對暴動一面誇大其詞,一面試圖釐清原因。

數千名年輕人在街頭任意流竄,縱火燒車、洗劫店家,和警方衝突。詭異的是,不像日前在倫敦發生的反G20抗議,也不像一九八五年的托登罕暴動係因種族而起,眾人並無一致的理念訴求或行動目標。

藥頭被警方射殺只是導火線,感覺發展機會被剝奪,前途無亮的憤青,透過社群網站串聯,攜手對抗國家機器,才是問題所在。

經濟不景氣加深了年輕人的不滿,社群網站只是推波助瀾的工具,但這兩點卻讓倫敦暴動和阿拉伯之春產生某些共同點。

差別在於,阿拉伯之春讓國家更民主,是正向發展;倫敦暴動卻是無政府主義掛帥,年輕人藉由打劫逞一時之快。

放眼全球,金融危機恐怕會讓一整個世代的年輕人看得到機會,卻無法達成願望,搞不好會讓他們對未來徹底絕望。倫敦的暴動似乎暗示,未來的政治和抗議可能會更難看。

左派怪柴契爾夫人執政時,保守黨幫有錢人減稅,害現在的勞動階級做到死也還不清債。但布萊爾執政時,工黨進行社會福利大放送,同樣是挖錢坑要後代填。

倫敦卅九歲電工柏恩斯表示:「年輕人找不到工作,沒前途,政府刪減津貼讓情勢更加惡劣。新世代的年輕人根本豁出去了,這次只是開端。」

社會心理學家巴茲指出,政府一定要讓年輕人有參與感和希望,否則無法徹底解決問題。
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經濟差、失業…怨氣一次爆發

來源:【中國時報】2011-08-10

八日晚間,倫敦諾丁丘一帶,除了遠處傳來警車聲外,一片死寂。倫敦夏日的空氣中,透出罕見的緊張與不安。

砸碎的玻璃窗、磚頭、玻璃瓶和燒毀的建築物、汽車和巴士;拉下鐵門的店家,柵欄層層封鎖的加油站、提前打烊的超市。短短數天裡,倫敦突然變成了另一個世界。

蒙起面孔的青年人,走上街頭,光天化日下搗毀、放火、挑釁、搶劫,如入無人之境,為所欲為。在地方上服務廿五年的老警員安迪說:「我從沒見過這種情況,英國社會病了!」

警方和政界人士都將這次暴亂歸咎於暴徒;部分政論家指事件與社會矛盾、經濟困難和貧富不均有關。

但走在街頭,傾聽一下市井小民,會發現,許多人對這次社會暴動,難過多於驚訝,「人們已經壓抑太久了,經濟這麼壞,失業人口這麼高,不是不工作,是根本找不到工作。」「長期積壓在社會上的一股怨氣,這次全爆發出來了。」

倫敦若罕普頓大學(Roehampton Universty)社會學者包爾(Nina Power)指出,據經濟合作開發組織(OECD),英國是已開發國家中,社會流動程度最差的國家。她認為,個人主義加上自私自利,英國早已擁有已開發國家中最不公平的社會,「一個自認為民主的國家,爆發如此大型的社會動亂,不是沒有原因。」

《金融時報》專欄作家艾爾斯(Harry Eyres)也認為,沒有人會真正把引爆這次事件、被警擊斃的黑幫份子當英雄,「這些人只是在等待一個藉口,讓不滿的情緒,發洩出來。」他認為,英國這次暴動,背負著巨大的社會憤怒和價值觀的問題。經濟不景氣加上社會暴亂,此次大暴動,令許多英國人覺得悲哀,但有更多人認為這是一大警惕,迫使英國朝野重新檢視這個生了重病的社會。

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